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Etymology_4

heed /hiːd/

• heed(n.) ” careful attention, notice, regard “
  
• • mid-14c regard (n.)”a consideration; a judgment ”
  • • ” from Old French regard , from regarder ” take notice of”
    • re- ; intensive prefix. + garder ; “look, heed ” ( see guard) ;; ” ”
    • • guard
      • • (v.) : ” to keep watch over, guard, protect, maintain, preserve”
        • • see gu-
          • • gu- :
            • • (??) : this explain why ward and guard has similar meaning
  • regard (re’gArd)
  • • (v.)def; consider
    • • consider /kənsɪdɚ/
      • • ”reflect on, study” <– “to look at closely, observe”
        • (combination) com- + sidus /ˈsiː.dus/ ; “to observe the stars”
          com- : “with” <– PIE, *kom, gain
          sidus : “constellation” /ˌkänstəˈlāSHən/ ( see : sidereal )
          related text

  Perhaps a metaphor from navigation, but more likely reflecting Roman obsession with divination by astrology. Tucker doubts the connection with sidus, however, because it is “quite inapplicable to desiderare(desire),” and suggests derivation instead from the PIE root of English side meaning “stretch, extend,” and a sense for the full word of “survey on all sides” or “dwell long upon.” Related: Considered; considering.

  *- side

because g- followed by some vowels in English usually has a “soft” pronunciation, a silent -u- sometimes was inserted between the g- and the vowel in Middle English to signal hardness (??), especially in words from French.

Germanic -w- generally became -gu-….. but Old North French preserved the Frankish - w-, and English sometimes borrowed both forms.

ex: guarantee (gu - ) / warranty , guard / ward

1.                * */wardon ( Proto-Germanic ): " to guard" ( see **ward** )
2.                    * **ward** ; "to keep guard, watch, protect, preserve"
3.                        * PIE, *war-o- 
4.                            * *wer- ;"to heed, notice ''
5.            * related word, **reward** /ɹɪˈwɔːd/
6.                * re- + **ward**
7.                * def; Something of vale given in return for an act. 
8.                * def; "sum of money in exchange for capture. "
9.                * def:(v.) : " to give as **compensation**" <-- "take notice of, regard, watch over"
10.                * **compensation** [kom-puh n-''sey-shuh n]
11.                    * **compensate**(v.) ; "to be equivalent"
12.                    *  com + pensare : with + "to weigh" [way] ( see **pendant**)
13.    * **(regard)**late 14c "a look, appearance; respect, **esteem**, favor, kindly feeling which springs from a consideration of estimable qualities "

*(continued..) heed (v.) “observe; to take care; attend,care for, protect, take charge of”

* /hodjan (to guard, watch) –> PIE /kadh- ” [ Ka-d] to shelter, cover ” (see hat )

* hat

*

* “head-covering “

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